Presidential
Political Eras
1)
1788-1824
7)
Trump's New Political Era?
Political Economy Internet Library
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1)
1788-1824 |
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1)
Executive privilege was created by President Washington to keep
Jay Treaty documents
from Congress. Other Presidents would claim the right and courts would
sometimes have to decide legality. Think NSA data
spying.
8)
The
1803 Louisiana Purchase and
1819/1821 treaties
with Spain more than doubled the size of the U.S. Later U.S. would force a war with Mexico to expand into the Southwest. |
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2) 1828-1852
Federalism vs. State's Rights The Democratic-Republican Party of the Jefferson became factionalized in the 1820's so Jackson supporters began to form the modern Democratic Party. It hoped to pass political power from established elites to ordinary voters by ending the spoils system. They continued the Bank War against eastern business interests by opposing the renewal of the Second Bank of the United States. Democrats also opposed Whig sponsored modernizing programs that they felt would build up industry with protectionism at the expense of taxpayers. These battles continue today! Democrats fought Adams and Anti-Jacksonian revival factions which soon emerged as the Whig Party. They were led by Henry Clay who advocated the primacy of Congress over the Executive Branch as well as Northeast industry protectionism. The battle of presidential versus congressional power continues today |
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1)
Indian Removal Act of 1830 forced Indians
westward. |
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The civil War was followed by massive transportation industrialization which involved railroads, canals and steamships. Massive wealth was created. Farm mechanism lowered the cost of food and this coupled with science made for a somewhat more prosperous middle class. Immigrants suffered |
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1) Panic of 1857 was caused by over-consumption of goods from Europe which lowered the hard currency supply. Also overbuilding by competing railroads and rampant Western land speculation caused problems. Think bubbles! 2) Civil War 3) Enforcement Acts of 1870-71 was designed to protect blacks from the Ku Klux Klan and to protect Indians. It failed. 4) Panic of 1873 was caused by the hard currency Coinage Act of 1873. It lowered the money supply. Workers blamed cheap foreign labor. Called the Long Depression until the 1930's when it was superseded by the Great Depression, it caused severe hardship. It would not be the last time a lack of money and immigrants were blamed for economic problems. See Mexico, United States barrier. Think Great Recession. 5) Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 added merit to federal hiring practices and began replacement of the spoils system though who you know continued. 6) Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 lasted until 1942. Scott Act of 1888 expanded the restrictions on Chinese immigration. See Japanese American 4 Year Interment. 7) Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 began an attempt to regulate business trusts and harness their use of monopoly power
9) Panic of 1893 resulted in a severe depression. Reluctantly, J.P. Morgan bailed out the gold standard with $60,000,000.
11) Harrison appoints four conservative S.C. judges to fight
coming progressive movement. |
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4)
1896-1928
Progressive Populism Ends the Gilded Age
But Business Power Returned
After WW I Panic of 1893 dissatisfaction meant a 1996 realigning election with victory for a republican forged conservative coalition consisting of businessmen, professionals, skilled factory workers, and prosperous farmers. Liberal opposition meant two unsettled decades called the Progressive Era which began when Teddy- Roosevelt in the 1902 Coal Strike. It was a period of social activism and political reform which flourished from the 1890s to the early 1920s. Exposing political machines to eliminate government corruption was an important progressive goal. They hoped to create a more democratic federalist republic by putting election reform high on their agenda. Progressives also sought regulation of monopolistic trust corporations through antitrust laws which were seen as a means to promote consumer benefit through fair competition. Post WW I Communists and unions created fears of anarchy so conservative government returned. A second Red Scare followed WW2. Then the War on Drugs. Then War on Terrorism. Then climate fear. Are politicians and media warmongers making us paranoid? |
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1) The 1897
Dingley Tariff
promoted industry at the expense of consumers
as it added to
consumer goods prices.
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5) 1932-1996
Republicans felt voter outrage caused by Bonus Army veteran deaths during the summer of 1932. It combined with the catastrophic economic effects of Hoover's domestic economic policies to mean change was needed! Democrats promoted American Liberalism anchored in a coalition of specific liberal groups, especially ethno-religious constituencies (Catholics, Jews, and African Americans), white Southerners, well-organized labor unions, urban political machines, progressive intellectuals, and populist farm groups. Experts debate whether this era ended and a Sixth Party System emerged in the mid-1960s with the end of the New Deal coalition. The era may have continued into the 1980s when the Moral Majority and the Reagan coalition were formed and then in the new century with the Republican Revolution. Interrupted by Presidents Clinton and Obama, it may have continued in 1/15 when the Republicans took control of Congress but Citizens United_v._FEC ended it. |
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1) For the first time U.S. leaders used massive debt to solve a major
non-military problem (SS and
rural
electrification ...).
Like military debt, this new type of debt would be lowered economic growth
and inflation. It would be refinanced with little paid back (retired).
2) Marshall Plan & NATO prevented repeat of post WW I type international problems and officially ended Monroe Doctrine isolationism
3) President Eisenhower pulled
out of South Korean and
4) Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962, the worst Cold War nuclear crises was properly managed. 5) Social Security Amendments of 1965 created Medicare and Medicaid. 8) Camp David Accords of 1978 was the high point of recent Middle East peace efforts. 9) Tax Act of 1980 began a trend of cutting everyone's income taxes.
10)
Too Big to Fail policy rescued Continental Illinois Bank 11) Coalition of the First Gulf War in1990 repelled invasion of Kuwai 12) Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act a1999 repealed the Great Depression Glass–Steagall Act. Did this cause Great Recession? 13) Terrorism strikes on 9/11causes fear that subsides and then returns before the 2016 presidential election. 14) Great Recession ended but slow nominal growth means real national debt will drop slowly as compared to after WW2. assured minority registration and voting ending a 100 year government stalemate.
7) Vietnam War and
Watergate
scandal |
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6)
2000 - 2016
Political Polarity Increases The 1987 Fairness Doctrine exclusion for the communication industry meant presenting contrasting views was not required of radio stations. Conservative and liberal and party polarization increased. The Telecommunications Act of 1996 allowed multi station company ownership and national networks developed. As of 2011, Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia) owned over 800 US radio stations and Rush Limbaugh wealth began an 8 years clime to $400 million .[3] The Citizens United v. FEC allowed unregulated nom transparent individual political contributions. Together they ended Yellow Journalism Political Era which began with the Washington Presidency. It had been slowed with the New York Times Ochs Era which changed political reporting with a slogan "All The News That's Fit To Print". |
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1) 2001 Bush Named War on Terrorism begins 2) 2011 Don't Ask, Don't Tell battle conducted on talk radio was ended.. 3) 2010 Affordable Care Act survived Supreme Court Political Management and may begin to solve a long existing problem. 4) 2018 Chinas Emerging Political System prompts Trade Troubles Part 2 Decades of Supreme Court Jurisprudence. 2 000 Bush v. Gore: installed their preferred partisan presidency stating itshould not be cited as precedent. 2012 NFIB v. Sebelius: blew a giant hole in the ObamaCare Medicaid expansion stoping Congress coerced states expansion 2013 Shelby County v. Holder: stop state preclearance by federal government gutting the Voting Rights Act did not cite the Constitution. 2014 Citizens United v. FEC near-unlimited corporate election spending on dark money propaganda but the rich have publically matched dark contributions. |
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