Educating the Class of 2030

Please

1. Economic Principles Lead to Shorter School Day, Year Round School, Economic Efficiency, Employable Students

Our Goal

1) Applying the economic law of Diminishing Returns (applying a variable resource like education to a fixed resource like the human brain eventually leads to diminishing production like learning) and

2) Diminishing Utility (more of the same thing returns less satisfaction) lead to dramatic changes in school calendars.

3 ) A School calendar of four twelve-week terms with four-hour days and students taking four courses is much more efficient. Studies show student lose more than 10%(Appendix 2) of their learning over the summer and "lower-class students" lose the most. SUMMER SETBACK: RACE, POVERTY, SCHOOL COMPOSITION, AND MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT IN THE FIRST TWO YEARS OF SCHOOL also indicates there s much to gain from year-round school which is also more manageable with many nonacademic benefits to students and financial benefits for teachers. College students only spend an average of three fifty minute hours per day in class.

4) Teaches flexibility results as teaching only sixteen courses yearly would allow for teaching additional courses for extra pay. This would be encouraged and teaching an unpaid overload to accumulate leave time would be an earned privilege. For example a teacher earning $64,000/year for a morning shift or $4000 per course might teach an overload afternoon course for $2000. Four teachers doing this would save half a salary for society.

5) Economic use of facilities as two sessions would solve housing problems. The potential cost saving for large school systems making maximum use of their facilities are unlimited.

6) Structured Unstructured Time benefits entire community. It occurs before or after school depending on the session attended. Used by interested students using school and other local facilities for extra curricular activities, to enhance Special Intelligence and to meet Special Needs;. it allow participants to maximize desired results and would also provide a paid/voluntary experiences for students and teachers. John Dewey "...advocated for an educational structure that strikes a balance between delivering knowledge while also taking into account the interests and experiences of the student." wiki

Core Intelligence centers on mathematical-logical and verbal intelligence. Skills related to core intelligence are emphasized by traditional schools. SAT test, used to measure educational accomplishment, correlate very highly with intelligence quotient tests.

Special Intelligence is the above average ability in any of the eight areas of multiple intelligences. Examples include Mathematical, Spatial, Bodily Movement, Musical, Verbal, Interpersonal, Interpersonal, Naturalist

The world of work rewards people who develop skills associated with their special intelligence provided they have the minimum core intelligence skills required by their profession.

In the words of John Dewey, ..."to prepare him for the future life means to give him command of himself; it means so to train him that he will have the full and ready use of all his capacities" (My pedagogic creed, Dewey, 1897 Wiki).

7) Grades one to eight should concentrate on determine and exploring a student's special intelligence while bringing their core intelligence up to an acceptable minimum. Editor's Note: This should be a fun time and not the rigor of some Asian countries and Tiger Mothers of the United States. It won't work and just causes anxious unhappy students! If you must test, comparison to those in the students state or county would limit the negative affects of self esteem. See No Grades/Homework

8) Since 66% of our jobs require no additional formal education beyond high school, curriculums for many must be made more life skills applicable. For example, studies show that those people with self-control do better in many aspects of life and this is something that can be taught. RSA Animate – Empathic Civilization is just one example of the new areas that limiting concentration to one's special intelligence will allow.

9) With only 22% of future jobs requiring a bachelor's degree or higher, elementary and secondary school curriculums should not so demanding that a substantial number of students drop out or lose confidence. Pre-algebra should not be part of in elementary school arithmetic for the non-mathematical students. A nursing student should not have to take statistics (a course I taught for 35 years) because they might someday go on for a master's degree. Nursing isn't about mathematics, little mathematics required. Nothing is gained and the terror it creates in the non-mathematical.
See German Education System

10) Maslow hierarchy of needs has esteem as a requirement for self-actualization, an important goal of human development. Therefore testing should be changed from a as a limiting factor to a notification factor. The result should be expressed as a student being above, at or below grade level. Edited 1/21/13
6) Students, especially in the Primary Grades, would advance at their own pace.

11) Tech-based Education would apply to college education immediately but hopefully soon spread to secondary education. This does not mean investing in computers. Education Week: Reading, Math Software Found to Have Little Effect on Scores

12) Page 2 of The Quick Notes Philosophy was the bases for much of this dissertation.

Sources: Global Economic Intersection, The Economist, Seeking Alpha
Businessweek, he Week , USA Today Business Insider

Part 2 How Germany, Our Chief Competitor,
Educates Toward Student Employability and Self-Esteem

Part 3
Economist Lower Wage Predictions Came True

Part 4
Individualized Curriculums for a Complex World

Appendix 1 Advantages of Proposed Change

Ambitious Students could take courses in both session or use the time to participate in projects like First Robotics Competition, First Tech Challenge, and First Lego League. P-Tech uses the extra time to help students earn an associate's degree while earning a U.S.. diploma, all in four years.

This system would be advantageous for vocational HS as it provides time for students to work. Two talented students might even combine for a full time job. A lower minimum wage for part time students not requiring payroll taxes would help.

Sports would benefit as one sport might go in the morning and practice in the afternoon and a second sport would do the opposite thus making much better use of facilities. Two varsity sports might constitute a course. My friend Paul is happy.

School systems could retire older facilities and free rooms could be rented to people wanting to run morning and afternoon day care for working parents.

Teachers and HS students could work in day care programs for a reasonable fee. Students wishing to graduate early could take extra courses during a different session for a fee. 1/30/13

Appendix 2 The Effects of Summer Vacation on Achievement Test Scores: A Narrative and Meta-Analytic Review Source

Harris Cooper University of Missouri–Columbia Barbara Nye Tennessee State University

Kelly Charlton James Lindsay Scott Greathouse University of Missouri–Columbia

Abstract

"A review of 39 studies indicated that achievement test scores decline over summer vacation. The results of the 13 most recent studies were combined using meta-analytic procedures. The meta-analysis indicated that the summer loss equaled about one month on a grade-level equivalent scale, or one tenth of a standard deviation relative to spring test scores. The effect of summer break was more detrimental for math than for reading and most detrimental for math computation and spelling. Also, middle-class students appeared to gain on grade-level equivalent reading recognition tests over summer while lower-class students lost on them. There were no moderating effects for student gender or race, but the negative effect of summer did increase with increases in students’ grade levels. Suggested explanations for the findings include the differential availability of opportunities to practice different academic material over summer (with reading practice more available than math practice) and differences in the material’s susceptibility to memory decay (with fact- and procedure-based knowledge more easily forgotten than conceptual knowledge). The income differences also may be related to differences in opportunities to practice and learn. The results are examined for implications concerning summer school programs and proposals concerning school calendar changes."

Appendix 3 Fix public education immediately.

      1. Treat academic all stars like sports stars, see
           vanderbilt.edu/peabody/smpy/WaiJEP2005

      2. Stress the economic and personal skills enhancement of those
        in the middle

      3. Follow the lead of the cities like Baltimore in keeping kids from
          dropping out

      4. Require the library of every school receiving federal funds keep a copy of
          Educational Outlook Quarterly on reserve and another copy with current
          periodicals. Edited 1/22/13

Please

E-mail or antonw@ix.netcom.com
the retired teacher/editor/author Walter

From Parts 1-3 We Have a Bottom Line
Our Most Educated Generation Has No Savings Chart Urban Institute	Large Debts
Most Have Poor Job Prospects as Only Our Best and Brightest Find Good Jobs	online.wsj 2/15/13

	All Because Education is directed toward college and not employment. Increase in the Supply of College Graduates Does Not Create Demand for College Graduates. Goal of Academics and Publishers is to Make Money. The Bottom Line Bright Students Are Serviced but Face Severe Competition. Most Students Are Not Well Prepared for Work/Life Please Please E-mail or antonw@ix.netcom.com the retired teacher/editor/author Walter

Staying Current

1) John William Pope Center for Higher Education Policy covers post-secondary issues.
2) The Rising Value of a Science Degree
College Degree Value:
3) P-Tech Early College High Schools are vocationally oriented.
4) Why Motivation Beats Raw Intelligence
'Almost Every Time'
5) Race Against the Machines that total good jobs requiring an education are losing out to machines. Editor's Note: This is good news as machines don't eat standard of living will rise dramatically and this means education has new, important issues to deal with that requiring well educated human development specialists.
6) Oversupply of Teachers means systems can choose the best.

7) Head Start Doesn't Work

A recent Opinion article in the Villages retirement paper picked up an editorial featuring the reported 2010 Head Start Impact Study that stated thee and four year olds participants in Head Start were no better prepared for first grade than non-participants. This is the nth such article/report I've read in thirty years. There have been many studies and none have shown Head Start improves academic performance. The normal curve rules and those who think it can be changes will have to wait for generic engineering. But the normal curve applies to other important characteristics and it is these our education system must foster.

Popular but Incorrect Neuromyths' from online.wsj.com/
    We use only 10% of our brains.
    A high stimulus environment improves the brain of preschool children.
    Using a student's preferred learning style improves learning.
The Thousands of Californians Who Failed The Bar Exam Are Going To Hate This Guy
is an example of how college can teach them but can't learn them. I wonder if college law schools are required to publish Bar Exams pass rates

Data from Iceland indicates that younger students in a class do poorer in standardized test through seven grades and other studies have shown that 10% of younger HS graduates go to college. The Economist, 12/7/12, p21

Watch Videos and Understand
Formula for changing math education
Ken Robinson Says Schools Kill Creativity
Elizabeth Gilbert On Genius

E-mail or antonw@ix.netcom.com the retired teacher/editor/authorWalter

edited and written by Walter Antoniotti,
copyright 21st Century Learning Products
All Rights Reserved

Sundry Items of Interest

1) Non-academics students possess Characteristics of success
2) School Reform Stay Focused a book review of
How Children Succeed: Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character by Paul Tough from The Economist Magazine 1/19/13

3) Head Start leads to nonacademic value that will lead to economic and social success.

4) The Wage Affect of Offshoring examines data from Denmark to look at the connection between globalization, inequality and the value of a college degree. “With stagnating wages and lingering unemployment, income inequality is back in the headlines. Is globalization to blame for this inequality? Is more education a solution? This column argues that focusing on university education misses important effects. It presents evidence that wage effects vary markedly among those with degrees depending on their specific skill sets, and that globalization can often benefit workers without degrees.”
For an economic analysis see Pure Competition Edited 1/30/13

5) Tradable goods are producing high paying jobs that require more education Germany does best at manufacturing tradable goods. She is avoiding high unemployment with job sharing, called discussed unemployment. I'm betting the recovery will bring back higher wages but hours work will stayed reduced as robots and computers do the work

Return to Class of Educating 2030

Please

Appendix 4

The Story of Joan

An attempt to learn about the real estate business brought me in contact with Joan, middle aged women who had been a million dollar salesperson in her first year. She was well dressed, attractive, very ambition and had a talent for selling. Joan was famous for her answer to a question from prospective buyers who were aghast when they saw a foot of water in the basement of a home they might buy. “Well, think how lucky you are to know about the water. Now you can bid $3,000 lower and fix the problem for $1,000. Joan was correct; they bought and were very happy with the property. This was the middle 1970's when new starter homes were small, about 10,000 square feet, had one bathroom, three bedrooms, and cost about $40,000.

Joan wanted to be a real estate broker, but fail the test because of her poor mathematical skills. Math required for the license was using formulas, a little geometry, and multi-step word problems. Some of this was necessary for commercial developers but for what Joan wanted to do, little math was needed. But testing is a way to limit supply of brokers thus keeping commissions high. Much of what I did was build her confidence that if she did the easy questions, a missed the few difficult questions, she would still pass. Needless to say, she passed the exam and years later, was still queen of the hill.

Joan was one of the most confident people I've encountered in many years of education. She went to school before testing sapped the vitality out of people who were not above average in both mathematic analysis and verbal understanding. Interpersonal intelligence, easily the most important in the real world kind of intelligence, isn't considered important by our academic educators.

The Rest of the Story

Joan had a secret to her success. She belonged to the Friday 7:00 AM Howard Johnson Breakfast Club. Two or three plus salespeople from ten or so local real estate companies met, talked a little business, and created a network. If you needed something for sale at one of your competitors, you called your friend from Friday mornings. They would call you. The more people you helped, the more people who would help you.

I once had the world's greatest house listing, A+ condition, location, and price. Two or three sales were stopped by parents coming to visit. I had guaranteed the owner who was leaving for Venezuela it would be sold and he was nervous, but not me. With two weeks to go I called Joan and agreed to split the listing commission and it was sold the next day. Some people think Joan should go to college, I think school should be designed to maximize her special intelligence. edited 1/21/13

e-mail comments to antonw@ix.netcom.com

Battlefield Reflections of a
Life-Long Statistic Teacher

The Normal Curve Rules

Teaching Statistics to Open Enrollment
Evening College Students by Walter

Introduction: After years of traditional teaching I switched to Quick Notes Statistics a programmed type text and its companion Excel Statistics Lab Manual. With all the problems and their data sets written in Excel, much of the calculation requirements were removed as an obstacle to learning. Many students were familiar with the text as they had used Quick Notes Financial Accounting and/or Economics Interactive Class Notes with Links in previous courses. These books were concise two-page outlines per chapter with practice problems and complete solutions.

Methodology: Class one began with a 30 minute summary of material covered on the first computerized take-home or in the lab test. We then adjourned to the lab with some of the better students leaving to do the work at their own convenience while the others joined me in the lab learn to use Excel to calculate measures of central tendency. Lectures/lab sessions followed. The class before the computerized test using Excel was a comprehensive hour or so review where I again saw the better students and after the review a few were off to the lab to finish their computerized lab set due before the test. This procedure was followed for tests on probability and on hypothesis testing/correlation/regression.

Result: 1) Being an honor system take-home on a computer exam resulted in the same grade distribution as for traditional in class with a large note card exams. 2) More material was easily covered with less work and anxiety. 3) But only the better students learned more, much more. Students, as they had for over 35 years at four different average at best colleges, divided themselves into four groups.

Group one never really learned to use Excel to do much of anything and passed with low grades because of easy grading procedures.

Group two calculated some statistics correctly but ran into trouble deciding which Excel menu procedure to use for each of the eight different problems on the take home final. I had warned them that grades would go down with each tests, many would be disappointed. Some of these adults worked really hard but having to choose between finite and normal distributions, large and small samples, then between one sample and two samples eventually led to mistakes.

Group three often got the statistic correct but then had difficulty determining to accept or reject the no change null hypothesis. All the studying in the world doesn't help because they had never really figured out what hypothesis testing was all about.

Group four had one final hurdle, explaining what the answer meant. They had correctly accepted or rejected the null hypothesis but what did it mean? They needed to write in the analysis section that the new procedure was faster or had less defects or the new diet was better or else it was back to group three and a lower grade. Less than six from a class of twenty-five got almost everything correct and got a 4 grade on almost every problem. A very few got everything correct.

edited and written by Walter Antoniotti,

Other Stuff

Popular but Incorrect Neuromyths' from online.wsj.com/
    We use only 10% of our brains.
    A high stimulus environment improves the brain of preschool children.
    Using a student's preferred learning style improves learning.
The Thousands of Californians Who Failed The Bar Exam Are Going To Hate This Guy
is an example of how college can teach them but can't learn them. I wonder if college law schools are required to publish Bar Exams pass rates

Watch Videos and Understand
Formula for changing math education
Ken Robinson Says Schools Kill Creativity
Elizabeth Gilbert On Genius

Need Material for this space

e-mail antonw@ix.netcom.com

Epilogue: The Cost of a Misdirected Education

My Keene State College 1990 Economics 101 class was given data showing that average college graduates make much more than high school graduates. They had seen it before. That is why most of them were in college. Then I showed them median income of college graduates. They were disappointed with the lower number. I explained how some really high earners make the mean higher than the median. Then I showed them data indicating the bottom quarter of college graduates earned about the same income as high school's top-quarter. They became more unsettled. Then I gave them the lowest income statistic of all, median income for those with just a bachelor's degree. Those with higher degrees were left off. From the back of the room I heard "you mean they are ripping us off.

It took about twenty years, but I pleased to report that, because of the Great Recession, mass media coverage of the decreasing economic return from a college education is no longer sporadic . But like any unwelcome news, parents, teachers, and politicians will be the last to react properly. The collateral damage has been immense. It will continue to be so unless some responsible mass media helps makes an educational system that improves the well-being of all students . Here is the collateral damage of our love affair with college.

College graduates who can't find a job and dropouts owe over one trillion dollars in outstand college loans and are finding they do not have the skills to earn a positive economic return from their investment.

Disgruntle U.S. graduates and dropouts whose needs were not met by their investment of many years in school and from whom society receive little support. In fact, many need society's support.

But some took the path less traveled.

My fourteen year-old nephews announced he wanted to attend a neighboring carpentry high school. Four years of getting up early and getting a ride from his father to grandmother's house where he waited for the school bus to take him to a new, strange school. At fourteen! After school he walked the three miles home from grandma's house. No one told him from anyone, he just didn't like academics and decided on a vocational education. Now a successful small contractor, his biggest problem is convincing his wife they don't need a new Volvo every two years.

His younger brother was much more academic, but found school a waste of his lazy, but conniving mind. He dropped out early in the 9th grade, eventually went in the military, kept looking for a good job in corrections until he found a unionized one working for the state. No one had to tell him that investing in a 40K in addition to the state retirement plan was a good idea. He also bought car mortgage insurance a year before not being able to pay said liability.

Epitaph: Many of our best and brightest did make a proper investment in college and there are enough of them to maintain our nation's well-being. Imagine a country where the school system maximizes all kinds of all Special Intelligence rather than maximizing the math/verbal intelligence of everyone including those with whose learning disabilities requires special attention. Edited 1/30/13

www.businessinsider

More Interesting Thoughts

Quotes

" The mind is not a vessel to be filled , but a fire to be kindled." Plutarch The Week Magazine 11/02/12 p199

Edited 1/30/13

Obama Wants to Move U.S. Up

Early Years Education The Economist Magazine 2/9/13

"Finland on top (it scored direly in the OECD study). At least 98% of children aged five or six are in pre-school education there. Finland also dominates the overall league tables for education performance, so perhaps the scope for improvement is slight. Other enthusiastic providers of pre-school education like Sweden, Norway, France and Belgium and Denmark do not score particularly highly on attainment in later education, whereas Japan, which combines early-years provision with a fiercely competitive exam culture, excels. So too does South Korea, where the state until now has provided under half of pre-school places. So pre-school is no panacea, says Andreas Schleicher, who oversees the OECD’s big triennial PISA report on educational attainment. “Drilling children” in early years does not lead automatically to learning gains, he says."

Editor's Note: I'd trade two more years of early childhood education for two less years of high school in a second. Academic kids not mature enough to leave home for college could go to junior college or work for a while, maybe as workers in a vast public/private pre-school industry.

GDP and Personal State Tax Burden Per Capita by State
Retirement Home Location Guide Provided Tax Data Richest/Poorest State
GDP/Capita

territory per per territory per per territory per per territory per per territory per per Rank State GDP/ Taxes %
Taken

capita capita capita capita capita capita capita capita capita capita

United States $47,482
50

Del
$69,667 3,426
8.4

D C 174,500 1

Colorado

51,940

11 Louisiana 47,467 21 North Carolina 42,884 31 Tennessee 39,730 41 1 Miss $28,,259 2,924 10.2

Delaware 69,667 2 Calf 51,914 12 New Hampshire 47,385 22 Oklahoma 42,237 32 Michigan 37,616 42 2 Ark 29,999 3,088 10.3

Alaska 65,143 3 Maryland 51,724 13 Nevada 47,222 23 Ohio 42,035 33 Kentucky 37,535 43 3 NM 30,642
3,031
09.9

Connecticut 64,833 4 Minn 50,396 14 Texas 45,940 24 Utah 41,750 34 Montana 37,200 44 4 Utah 30,917 3,261 10.5

Wyoming 63,667 5 ILL 50,328 15 Pennsylvania 45,323 25 Georgia 41,711 35 Arkansas 36,483 45 5 Idaho 31,031 3,139 10.2

Massachusetts 58,108 6 SD 49,875 16 Rhode Island 45,000 26 Indiana 41,169 36 Alabama 36,333 46 States of Interest

New York 57,423 7 Neb 49,778 17 Oregon 44,447 27 Missouri 41,117 37 New Mexico 35,952 47 Mass 49,203 5,047
10.3

New Jersey 56,477 8 Hawaii 49,214 18 Kansas 44,310 28 Maine 40,923 38 South Carolina 35,717 48 Ohio 36,054 4,332
12.0

Virginia 53,463 9 Iowa 49,067 19 Wisconsin 44,105 29 Arizona 40,828 39 West Virginia 35,053 49 NH 42,707 3,136
07.3

Washington 52,403 10 ND 47,714 20 Vermont 44,000 30 Florida 40,106 40 Idaho 34,250 50 Fl 36,734 3,566
09.7

State Tax Burden as a percentage of Income

Tax Burden Rank

Tax Burden
as a Percentage
of Income

Tax
Burden
Per Capita

Income
Per Capita

United States

-

10.6%

$4,072

$38,376

Alabama
Alaska
Arizona
Arkansas
California

46
50
32
27
15

8.8%
6.6%
10.1%
10.3%
10.9%

$2,881
2,598
3,350
3,088
4,451

$32,599
39,499
33,156
29,999
41,022

Colorado
Connecticut
Delaware
Florida
Georgia

38
9
48
39
25

9.8%
11.3%
8.4%
9.7%
10.4%

$4,098
6,018
3,426
3,566
3,564

$41,987
53,152
40,964
36,734
34,327

Hawaii
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa

5
31
14
12
26

11.7%
10.2%
10.9%
11.0%
10.4%

$4,496
3,159
4,335
3,796
3,709

$38,269
31,031
39,902
34,647
35,807

Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland

18
20
11
1
19

10.7%
10.7%
11.0%
13.5%
10.7%

$3,885
3,383
3,463
4,719
4,996

$36,209
31,639
31,358
34,935
46,562

Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
Missouri

28
16
4
29
34

10.3%
10.8%
11.9%
10.2%
9.9%

$5,047
3,965
4,930
2,924
3,509

$49,203
36,751
41,363
28,591
35,408

Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey

42
6
43
49
17

9.5%
11.6%
9.5%
7.3%
10.8%

$3,108
4,294
3,758
3,136
5,234

$32,719
36,999
39,683
42,707
48,590

New Mexico
New York
North Carolina
North Dakota
Ohio

36
2
23
37
3

9.9%
12.9%
10.5%
9.8%
12.0%

$3,031
5,734
3,526
3,421
4,332

$30,642
44,571
33,732
34,808
36,054

Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina

40
35
24
8
30

9.6%
9.9%
10.4%
11.5%
10.2%

$3,129
3,492
4,057
4,629
3,213

$32,661
35,300
38,849
40,331
31,480

South Dakota
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont

45
47
44
22
10

9.2%
8.6%
9.4%
10.5%
11.1%

$3,177
2,979
3,368
3,261
4,118

$34,647
34,568
35,913
30,917
37,025

Virginia
Washington
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming

41
13
21
7
33

9.5%
10.9%
10.6%
11.6%
10.1%

$4,056
4,334
3,212
4,289
4,120

$42,642
39,705
30,317
37,115
40,917

District of Columbia

-

12.8%

$8,092

$63,044

Massachusetts Test Well

Occupational Outlook Handbook is a must for school libraries Most Projected New Jobs Misleading, Used by the Education Lobby
OCCUPATION	NUMBER OF NEW JOBS (PROJECTED), 2010-20	2010 MEDIAN Annual PAY
Registered Nurses	711,900	$64,690
Retail Salespersons	706,800	$20,670
Home Health Aides	706,300	$20,560
Personal Care Aides	607,000	$19,640
Office Clerks, General	489,500	$26,610
Food Preparation, Serving Workers/ Fast Food	398,000	$17,950
Customer Service Representatives	338,400	$30,460
Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers	330,100	$37,770
Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand	319,100	$23,460
Postsecondary Teachers	305,700	$62,050
Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants	302,000	$24,010
Childcare Workers	262,000	$19,300
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks	259,000	$34,030
Cashiers	250,200	$18,500
Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education	248,800	$51,660
Receptionists and Information Clerks	248,500	$25,240
Janitors, Cleaners, Except Maids/ Housekeeping Cleaners	246,400	$22,210
Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers	240,800	$23,400
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products	223,400	$52,440
Construction Laborers	212,400	$29,280

See also Careers Needing Workers and Determining the Economic Return of a College Education e-mail comments to antonw@ix.netcom.com
15 most valuable majors in the current marketplace. Annual pay for bachelor’s graduates without higher degrees. Typical starting graduates have two years of experience; mid-career graduates have 15 years. see top 130 at payscale.com		#3 The 10 Worst Majors "Not all college degrees are created equal. ...Georgetown University, your choice of college major substantially affects your employment prospects and earnings." forbes.com/sites/jennagoudreau 10/11/12			#4 13 surprisingly-low-paying-jobs/ 2/28/13 Jacquilin Smith
1. Major	Salary after 10 years	Major	Salary Grads/ Exper	Unemployed Grads. 22-26 Exper. 30-54	Career	Mean Salary Bottom 10%	Number Employed
1. Petro Engin	$98,000 $163,000	1. Anthropology Archeology	$28,000 $52,000	10.5% 6.2%	1. Private Detective	$48,610 $26,080	26,080
2. Aerospace Engin	$62,500 $118,000	2.Film,Video, Photographic Arts	$30,000 $50,000	12.9% 6.7%	2. Surgical Technician	$42,460 $28,860	94,490
3. Actuarial Math	$56,000 $112,000	3.Fine Arts	$30,000 $45,000	12.6% 7.3%	3. Flight Attendants	$41,720 $24,990	87,190
4. Chem Engin	$67,500 $111,000	4.Philosophy/Relegion	$30,000 $48,000	10.8 6.8%	4. Desktop Publishers	$39,030 $21,320	18,620
5. Nuclear Engin	$66,800 $107,000	5. Liberal Arts	$30,000 $50,000	9,2% 6.2%	5.Marriage/Family Therapist	$48,710 $25,230	33,990
6. Elect Engin	$63,400 $106,000	6.Music	$30,000 $45,000	9.2% 4.5%	6. Fire Fighters	$47,720 $22,480	304,080
7. Comp Engin	$62,700 $105,000	7.Physical Fitness Parks & Recreation	$30,000 $50,000	8.3% 4.5%	7.Radio/TV Announcers	$40,510 $17,150	31,680
8. Applied Mathematics	$50,800 $102,000	8.Commercial and Graphic Arts	$32,000 $49,000	11.8% 7.5%	8. Embalmers	$$45,060 $27,010	6360
9. Comp Science	$58,400 $100,000	9. History	$32,000 $54,000	5.8% 5.4%	9. Reporters Correspondents	$43,640 $20,000	45,270
10. Statistics	$49,300 $99,500	10. Eng. Lang./Literature	$32,000 $52,000	9.2% 6.2%	10. Tax Preparers	$39,410 $18,440	59,180
11. Physics	$51,200 $99,100				11. Legisytlators	$$38,860 $16,280	62,180
12. Mech Engin	$60,100 $98,400				12. Models	$27,830 $15,960	2,760
13.Biomed Engin	$54,900 $98,200				13.Chefs/Head Cooks	$46,600 $24,770	90,300
14. Government	$42,000 $95,600	The Sole Purpose of Education By Barry Ritholtz - November 12th, 2010, 2:00PM In 1914, John Alexander Smith, Professor of Moral Philosophy at Oxford, addressed the first session of his two-year lecture course as follows: “Gentlemen, you are now about to embark on a course of studies that (will) form a noble adventure…Let me make this clear to you. ..nothing that you will learn in the course of your studies will be of the slightest possible use to you in after life – save only this – that if you work hard and intelligently, you should be able to detect when a man is talking rot, and that, in my view, is the main, if not the sole purpose of education.” That quote reminds me of the famous Joan Robinson line: “The purpose of studying economics is not to acquire a set of ready-made answers to economic questions, but to learn how to avoid being deceived by economists.”
15. Economics	$48,500 $44,900				The Truth Behind High College Grades
					From less than 40% to about 85% A's and Bs NYT 7/14/11 People who work for colleges are increasing their own economic wellbeing by using high grades to make demand inelastic and milk the public. Were college catalogs changed to say average is B+ to A-.

In These Selected Countries Income Was Less Equally Distributed, Some Northern European Countries and Canada Increase $ to the Poor, The US and GB did not!

Gini coefficient, before taxes and transfers^[12]
Country	mid-70s	mid-80s	around 1990	mid-90s	around 2000	mid-2000s	Late 2000s
South Korea	has the most equally distribution of income						0.344
Norway		0.351		0.404	0.426	0.447	0.410
Denmark		0.373	0.396	0.417	0.415	0.417	0.416
Canada	0.385	0.395	0.403	0.430	0.440	0.436	0.441
United Kingdom	0.338	0.419	0.439	0.453	0.458	0.445	0.456
Finland	0.343	0.387		0.479	0.478	0.483	0.465
United States	0.406	0.436	0.450	0.477	0.476	0.486	0.486
Germany		0.439	0.429	0.459	0.471	0.499	0.504
Germany's income distribution equality is still affected by reunification

Gini coefficient, after taxes and transfers^[12]
Country	mid-70s	mid-80s	around 1990	mid-90s	around 2000	mid-2000s	Late 2000s
Denmark		0.221	0.226	0.215	0.226	0.232	0.248
Norway		0.222		0.243	0.261	0.276	0.250
Finland	0.235	0.209		0.218	0.247	0.254	0.259
Germany		0.251	0.256	0.266	0.264	0.285	0.295
S Korea						0.306	0.315
Canada	0.304	0.293	0.287	0.289	0.318	0.317	0.324
U Kingdom	0.268	0.309	0.354	0.336	0.351	0.331	0.345
U States	0.316	0.337	0.348	0.361	0.357	0.380	0.378
Both England and the US have given more to the rich! Has it affected Education?

Table 1.4: Occupations with the most job growth, 2010 and projected 2020
(Numbers in thousands)
from http://www.bls.gov/emp/ep_table_104.htm
2010 National Employment Matrix title and code		Employment		Change, 2010-20		Median annual wage, 2010
2010 National Employment Matrix title and code		2010	2020	Number	Percent	Median annual wage, 2010
Rank-	Total, All Occupations	143,068	163,537	20,469	14	$33,840
1	Registered Nurses	2,737	3,449	712	26	64,690
	Retail Salespersons	4,262	4,968	707	17	20,670
	Home Health Aides	1,018	1,724	706	69	20,560
	Personal Care Aides	861	1,468	607	70	19,640
	Office Clerks, General	2,951	3,440	490	17	26,610
	Combined Food Preparation and Serving Workers, Including Fast Food	2,682	3,080	398	15	17,950
	Customer Service Representatives	2,187	2,526	338	16	30,460
	Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers	1,605	1,935	330	21	37,770
	Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand	2,068	2,387	319	15	23,460
10	Postsecondary Teachers	1,756	2,062	306	17	45,690
	Nursing Aides, Orderlies, and Attendants	1,505	1,808	302	20	24,010
	Childcare Workers	1,282	1,544	262	20	19,300
	Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks	1,898	2,157	259	14	34,030
	Cashiers	3,363	3,613	250	7	18,500
	Elementary School Teachers, Except Special Education	1,476	1,725	249	17	51,660
	Receptionists and Information Clerks	1,048	1,297	248	24	25,240
	Janitors and Cleaners, Except Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners	2,310	2,557	246	11	22,210
	Landscaping and Grounds keeping Workers	1,152	1,392	241	21	23,400
	Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific Products	1,430	1,653	223	16	52,440
20	Construction Laborers	999	1,211	212	22	29,280
	Medical Secretaries	509	719	210	41	30,530
	First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers	1,424	1,628	203	14	47,460
	Carpenters	1,002	1,198	196	20	39,530
	Waiters and Waitresses	2,260	2,456	196	9	18,330
	Security Guards	1,036	1,231	195	19	23,920
	Teacher Assistants	1,288	1,479	191	15	23,220
	Accountants and Auditors	1,217	1,408	191	16	61,690
	Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses	752	921	168	22	40,380
	Physicians and Surgeons	691	859	168	24	111,570
30	Medical Assistants	528	690	163	31	28,860
				9286
Source: Employment Projections program, U.S. Department of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

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Abstract

Older Generations Accumulate, Younger Generations Stagnate CHANGE IN AVERAGE NET WORTH BY AGE GROUP, 1983–2010 from http://www.businessinsider

Most Projected New Jobs

Misleading, Used by the Education Lobby

The Sole Purpose of Education By Barry Ritholtz - November 12th, 2010, 2:00PM

Older Generations Accumulate, Younger Generations Stagnate
CHANGE IN AVERAGE NET WORTH BY AGE GROUP, 1983–2010 from http://www.businessinsider

The Sole Purpose of Education
By Barry Ritholtz - November 12th, 2010, 2:00PM