A Confucian revival began
during the
Tang dynasty (618–907). In the late Tang, Confucianism
developed in response to
Buddhism and Taoism and was reformulated as
Neo-Confucianism. This reinvigorated form was adopted as
the basis of the
imperial exams and the core philosophy of the
scholar official class in the
Song dynasty (960–1297). The abolition of the
examination system in 1905 marked the end of official
Confucianism.
A Concise History of
Confucianism
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2/20/19
With particular emphasis on the importance of the family and social harmony, rather than on an otherworldly soteriology,[7] the core of Confucianism is humanistic. Confucianism regards the ordinary activities of human life — and especially in human relationships as a manifestation of the sacred because they are the expression of our moral nature which has a transcendent anchorage in Heaven and a proper respect of the gods While Heaven ( has some characteristics that overlap the category of deity, it is primarily an impersonal absolute, like dào and Brahman.
The this-worldly concern of Confucianism rests
on the belief that human beings are fundamentally good, and
teachable, improvable, and perfectible through personal and
communal endeavor especially self-cultivation and self-creation.
Confucian thought focuses on the cultivation of virtue and
maintenance of ethics. Some of the basic Confucian ethical
concepts and practices like benevolence" and
"humaneness are is
the essence of the human being which manifests as compassion. It
is the virtue-form of Heaven. Confucianism holds one in
contempt, either passively or actively, for failure to uphold the
cardinal moral values of rén and
yì.
Traditionally, cultures and countries in the East Asian cultural sphere are strongly influenced by Confucianism, including mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Macau, Korea, Japan, and Vietnam, as well as various territories settled predominantly by Chinese people, such as Singapore. In the 20th century Confucianism's influence reduced greatly. In late 2015 many Confucian leaders[which?] formally established a national Holy Confucian Church (孔聖會/孔圣会 Kǒngshènghuì) in China to unify the many Confucian congregations and civil society organisations
